Nineties — Confrontation or Denial?

About the publication

Authors: Ivana Matanović, Marlena Ivanović, Damir Suljević

Publishing year: 2025

In the memories of our society, the 1990s were predominantly shaped by negative emotions. While on the international stage it was a period of reintegration, technological and scientific progress, for Montenegro, it was a difficult period of crisis during which it became part of the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, even though there were no direct war actions on its territory. Collective memory was shaped by the consequences of the conflicts in the war-affected countries of the region, leaving scars in every household through mobilisations, rivers of refugees, economic uncertainty…

Additionally, those scars were deepened by war crimes committed on the territory of Montenegro from 1991 to 1999 - among which are the cases of Morinj, Deportation, Klapuh, Bukovica, and Kaluđerski Laz - as well as civilian casualties during the NATO bombings, and the killings of Montenegrin citizens outside its borders, such as those in the train hijacking in Štrpci or the Lora camp. The attack on Dubrovnik in October 1991 remains a black mark in the modern history of Montenegro.

This publication is part of the project Education for the Future – Transitional Justice for Reconciliation implemented by the Centre for Civic Education (CCE), funded by the European Union (EU) within the regional programme EU Support to Confidence-Building in the Western Balkans, conducted by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the CCE and its authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the EU and UNDP.